Concrete piles and piling elements.



M. M. UPSON. CONCRETE FILES AND FILING ELEMENTS. APPLICATION FILED 11.23, 1913,

1,088,946, Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

2 l. ZQ- Will/MANOR wmvssses Q UNITED PATENT OFFICE.

MAXWELL M. UPSON. OF ENGLEXVGOD, NEV JERSEY. ASSIGNOR T0 HAYMOND CONCRETE PILE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.. A CORPORATIDN OF NEW JERSEY.

CONCRETE FILES AND FILING ELEMENTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Original application filed July 23. 1909. Serial No. 509.111. Divided. and this application t'ilett April 23,

1913. SerialNo, 763.077.

I}, all whom it may (t/141 171.

lie it known that l. Mixwnu. M. Ursox. n t'll Ztl] ot' the lnitetl State. rebitling ut .llnglewoml. in the (-ountv of Bergen nntl State of Xew Jersey, have invented ttlltllll new and useful Illlpl" \'t'llx\.lll in Conelete Pile =n1nl liling liltllltlll of which the following is :1 full. el :11. :tntl extu'l tlPHt'l'llJlltlXl.

'lhi i. ll division of application Ser. No. nos ril. filed July 2: M09.

The invention relates to eontrete piling nntl piling elements for foutnlutiono. walls. (-rllm. eoti'ertlnms. piers, wharvw, hritlges. bulkhead. lHllltllllgH and the like.

The Ulljtft'l (at the invention is a prznrtit'nl t eonstrut-tion. plrvsienllv nntl eeonotnienlly. 5 ol' b'tlltl nature. for ueh purposes. :llltl the in l vention eon-i ts of the slrtn'tures hereinafter l tllfiiilObUil and elttiinetl. 1

Of the drawings. Figure l is a horizontal 1 e ection (at l. 1 Fig. 2) of :1 plut'nliev of oonerete piles or piling elements eonstrurtetl l in accordance with the invention and eoinhinetl to form piling; Fig. .5 is a partial elevation of the saline, and Fig. 3 is a horizon tnl set'tion on line l----li of Fig. :2. Fig. 4 is a similar .seetion but showing at ntotlifieie tion. a

The eont'rete ])llt5 shown nnty ronsist of the innteriztl eonunonly ttsetl if. (1., eoinpri I iug relneut. mntl. antl hroken stuntor gravel. the last being preferuhly llSOtl for e ononiv. The pilew may he nioltletl in any known wnv. tllltl nnty. tllltl prei'ernhly tlo. eontntnthe usual vert ieul steel reinforcing l'fltlbl or eonivnlen shown ttl Y. en; nnttnull; supp rlewl lg, wires or .sttllllph X. in the, usual way. The c in t me of the piles in indientetl in Fig. i in 580- I tlon by the t-robs-lmtehing. hmtrihution to tlhe steel reinforeement: of the piling eh znents in ninth; by the ,steel interlocks herein after described, \Vllit'll may be n'loltletl in the concrete at the same time an the ortlinairy re inforcing rods above nientionelh the inter loehn lit'itlg preferably engaged \vlth the v supporting slim-ups of the n; l reinforeing' rolls an shown.

The chief (.lltll'ttzi'iel'hii i l my tonihinn t nn of metal llll lltltl i w th n row-rete pile i lilitt the interloelie need he plm'titl only where it (lent-ell that the pert-writ; their lorkingg l'nnt-ti n. time wring eo-ft; ihe il ing essentially oomntPn elnel'l tl' ihe eonerete piles; :nnl til o that the interloclt so nntnui'lieturetl as separate it either 111 or out of their gronnu combined with the concrete of the pile itnell" ns to permit the same to lie so nnnle l' eon t'rete in the ordinary way eu-ept in o lnr HS eont'erns the entlietltling or reeeption of the metal interloek ihelt' and him with mo=lilietttions of the interlocking lnte ol the pile us nnrv result from sueh embedding or znlntr tution for rereption, or :18 may he IlittfirzllY to permit the interlot'k to discharge its funelion. This invention makes it povaihle to use as :1 piling element the ortlinurv eonerete pile, without any external covering: or container tllltl utptthle of living gronntletl in the untnner llblltll in the i'llt'il. of eont-rete piles.

l ha e found that. it eonerete v-nll o. pilinn nnnle up of the piles of this invention.

i huhntnntinlly even stronger tllttl more rtif than a t-ontinuomlv moltletl wall ol' roiier ttwoultl he. The all vantage in instnllution of this substitute for ;l eontinuou l llliiltlt'ftl wall. will l e elem llOlll :1 (on tlerntion of the tart that the piles of thi inten ion are tu ll't' rilltillm but preferably out. anti het ore grim ztntl when no prontohletl they will l e o llillltlltl. :tntl grountletl in the ortltnnrv wztv in whit-h t-onerete pile-s are sunk. in hi \mttrjetting or driving. or hoth. :Ul 'i "with out. the neeewitv of the pt'eliin'nzarvtren h ext'nvzuion required for a c ntmuouely nn'hletl t'onereh wall.

The t-onstruetion tttltl llli ltiztl itflilllfll! of i pil (w Fig. .3 nleo) hut. have oil' willt'ltlll lntnks S. S. to ('tlilt sullieientlv .-tr=-ne' enihellthne' 1n the mass of eonurett- Ht: l le ZtlHl to provide htterul :n'jtumt the t'tllltl'QlP to re ll t) -essary only to the principalv features of the invention) for the purpose of assisting in closing the joint The metal interlocks are suspended in the mold in any way customary with ordinary reinforces. In the lack of a steel web integrally connecting A and B in a single pile or piling element, this lack being one feature of substantial economy, other and cheagw r means may be employed as hereinafter de scribed, if desired, to increase resistance to strains tending to pull the interlocks out of the concrete; an important object of the in terlocks being to cause the pile to resist strains at right angles to its vertical length, includin those in line with the pilin as well as t osetransverse to it, when desired, or either, if desired. This A and B may have one or more lateral projections on their inner ends as indicated at E, E; 'ortie-rods F (Figs. 1 and 2) may connectL XB. Other such means are alno'disclosed and will be described. In. cases ho ever, where it is nee rovi e against transverse strains the metlalic interlock need not be double in the 881108 that it also resists longitudinal strains inthe line of the piling. The metal interlocks may be used as guides for successively ounding adjacent piles, (the ve tically dlsposed sections to be de scribed being in vertical alinement for this purpose) so thatwhen one piling element is in place in the ground, the next is lifted in place so that the interlock registers, the second pile being then sunk alongside the first. After the grounding of the two adjacent piles, the free space at the joint in the vicinity of the interlock may be filled withhy draulic cement termed grout (indicated by dots in Fig. l,l, and consisting of cement, sand and Water in customary proportions, lacking the broken stone forming a constituent of the concrete of the piles themselves. This grout sets with the two adjoining concrete piles, closes the joint water proof to make a substantially continuous wall of molded concrete, and a so surrounds the metal interlock with the result of protecting it from rust or corrosion by the action of saltwater. By forcing the grout down into the bottom of said space, if desired, the pile-footing can be improved so as to increase the carrying capacity of the grounded structure. The grouting of the oint, or of the concrete tongue-and groove construction C, M, or both, permits one of the preferred constructions as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The section BB of Fig. 2 (Figs. 3 and 4) shows a case where hookinterlock A does not extend beyond the face sage-wall. Before removal, however, served the purposes of producing a passage wall of x in the 2. This .el a, t} mm a core for m mold to form a he crete posed shown in his; 3. diameters in that portion of member core G, or may be larger n the ins is of the hook portion. s indicated by G, Fig. 4, so that'- lhe wall of the hole ll, between A, A, sets back of the inside oi the hook portion of A... in the latter rs hook-portions is. will take all the wear, and. core G may he removed after the molding of the pii desired as a permanent reinforce for n the relali H, in perfect alineinent with the hooked poi tions of A, and of supporting said hook members during the process of casting the concrete pile. The vertical spaces, passages o'- or grooves between the vertically (lisp hook members A, may be cored to any other desired shape, if desired.

The number of vertical interlocks A, one or more, and the vertical length of the longitudinal width of the shank S, if used;

and the dimensions of shank-end interlock F. if used, are matters of practice defermincd in each case by calculations as to the pull and strains to which any particular in stallation of piling will be subjected during and after installation. The same is true as to the other interlocks B; corresponding with members A, because vertically successive members B will be guided into their appropriate cooperating members A, on account of the alinement established by the substantially extended vertical engagement of the first vertical pair. It is clear d'iat after the grouting described above, in the space around the 1nterlock,-,the joint is as watertight as if the metalinterlock were vertically continuous fromtop to bottom. and it is clear also that substantial econorn of steel results from the molding of the con crete of the pile into the vertical and hori" zontal spaces bet-ween the interlocks. (In Fig. 2 such concrete is shown above and below, and between the metallic interlocks.) The steel members A, B, B (molded inthe piling elements) on the other hand. pro vide interlocking means capable of with standing strains not possible to be born by interlocks consisting of simple integral concrete portionszof the piles. Final the a; which could nly by a continn qlv molded concr to Wall or by sheet Steel p'i plaatered tl both sides with eoneete.

horizontal .irati n of the members or w th. permits the casting of a is much intcrloc, whole length or width part. in otl r our to be i' gniehed from a mere plastering of concrete over an ordinary heet steel pile.

Many niodincatiom may be employed. A and l"; are shown as molded in concrete tongue and groove M respectively; but they might be reversed. they are shown as extending only to the face oft-tic pile. hut they might eXtcnd hcyonr it. as at J. K. and L. Cacti pile may have. two grooves. N. instead of one groove .l and a tongue C: and the larger space .it'lordcd by reeulting a l it permit..--: the pile j ining: groove- M is useful in most real a thorough grouting or even i .nn' in of the yoint and metal il'r p inn?" concrete til i terlo .-l;.-, in the pile may have fiat joint faces. a llilth interlock J being entirely embedded in the; concrete of the pile. and an interlock ii. having: only its nha'nh S, einbedded. it lll nojectlngr beyond the lat face. 01' o my steel channels P, Q. K may be embedded (as partial equivalents of ho t-: A}. (inc. to. l. or is. extending only to a joint face of a groove pile. and the other. as K, ext-ending beyond the opposite grooved lace. and both Q and ll. coiiperating together in a large gmuting space T formed by grooves in adjacent pile-facea. The grooves in the piles. which grooves contain the !ilttlt: 'l arch a; the space V. are cored in prart means of their sheet steel lira-on law: to shape. fillt'il as l in order to av id =z-.s,=c of lint shaping so d norm. ;-c hollow or t in @heet metal more. may in: left in pla e t serve .\(:t2'i{ "than for the iw'srloclts. particularly C or L which engage with *c of their respective iaoiperatnly in (t I 1119 ems;

in \omv can be molded with nly mic n; rpic no: 1 beast: --hoxvn at W. so that this .1 HltZn Hjl'. mold d in one of the pilin m-:':n can lac in a groove in ll'it. oint nting element. Z lj=t=ltl in 'd in a cavity formed by th t i l or rcinto-rccr l Such c u'hri'cthe illltflil'ltSStfH of the con wcwvallfi: l ll are be ftllhlrsl'lttl otherwise 5 l; tile integrally of concrete distin strong mass of concrete at; D, D. ever necessary or desirable the concrete por- "kin z' member. n5 for tcriwl ginn' groove and ing joint-faces of adjacent piles had its own separate metallic interlock molded in it, and Icldy on The vertical or .ini locliing as it the two interlocks engaged each other. But. in the disclosure. this single interlocking meii ber requires much less of the expellsli'i material (as rolled steel) than when liomogeneom reini oiwj-d concrete pile lllt'li ;--trongcr than a pile in which the g mcnibera extend throughout the v and aecr it into two each pile has two interlocking members, one for each joint-face. as A, B. This construction at \V is practicable as compared with an all-concrete interlock. on account of the great strength of the small mass of steel, which small mass also permits a large and Whent'ions D. D may be strengthened by moldcd in steel reinforcing members such. as Z, In this particular embodiment of the invention, very great. economy of steel can be had even if the steel member extends 1min t/erruptedly from top to bottom of the pile. If the reinforces Z. Z be used. they may be simply the ordinary wires or stirrups.

In order to save the cost of grout for filling the interlocking spaces and protecting the metallic inti'a'locks, the stir. ups, or other metallic reinforcements may be extended. in molding. as the pile, and the mold be constructed so that the broken-stone mixture will entirely surround the interim-king members to form the strong and rigid interlocking" projection K engaging in the 'roove T in the adjacent pile. The walls of the groove T are in this case preferably reinforced by molded-in inet'allic members, as Z Another way of avoiding expensive grouting, and at the same time to obtain metallic interlocking of grooved concrete piles, is to prepare an independent locking member consisting of a concrete column having the sheet metal cnvclop ftof double-wedge form to cooperate in the t-orr pomlingll f rmed P gl'tmve fi it desired, this member A may be cast integrally with a piling element, as the one rhown at lt7-1 right, and in such case the groove-relnforce Z may be omitted from that pile, as shown. I When not cast with a piling elen'ient. member A may be driven into the ground in one pile to servc'as a. guide for the grounding of the adjacent pile.

ln cage a. grounding guide is not necesary, an interlock such as; the hollow metal form l. of the doizhle-i-vedge form shown, may he placed in the edge of the pile grooves. and then great may be applied both The ininforcemcnts Z Z SU'PHQ'IHEEE the pile grooves.

in zide and outside of the hollow form, the 4 being employed to .llx'cept for convenience in locating the erlocl-z SOC10HS in their icrticallyalispoeeaa in I proper vertical post it IS not ahsolutely narrow, so that l ne ennary that; the lefllaand side of sections to walls or projections D, I) will not be at X, beyond the fiat face of along W be pre-molded in the pile, and they might be lowered, after the grounding of the pile, into a groove molded therein; although in such case W may be subsequently grouted in the groove, either before or after the successive grooved pile has been grounded W as a guide.

What I claim is:

1. A piling element comprising a pile composed of concrete and having a grouting groove in one face, and having embedded in one face a metallic strain-resisting member to engage an adjacent piling element.

2. A piling element comprising a pile composed of concrete and havin vertical grouting 3 aces in two vertical aces and having em edded in at least one of said faces a metallic strain-resisting member to engage an adjacent piling element.

.3. A piling element comprising a pile composed of concrete and havingembedded in it at one vertical face, a metallic interlocking member having its interlocking portion projecting beyond said face;

4. A- piling element comprising a pile composed of concrete and having a metallic member vertically disposed and permanently incorporated inside it to serve as an interlock with an adjacent piling element.

5. A piling. element comprising a pile composed of concrete and containing a metallic guiding member arranged to resist lateral strains and to engage with and guide an adjacent pile to a grounded position.

6. A piling elementconsisting of a premolded pile composed essentially of concrete and having embedded in it a metallic member adapted for engagement with a succeed- :ing piling element to resist strains at right angles to fthe vertical length of the pile.

7. Piling comprising successive piles com-' posed of concrete and tallic interlocks held pilesh 8. Piling comprising successive piles composed ;of concrete and connected by a metallic interlocking vertical guide held inside the respectivepiles.

joined together by meinside the respective 9. Piling comprisin successive piles composed of concrete and joined together by a 5 metallic interlock embedded in the concrete of at least one of the piles.

10. Piling comprising piles cpmposed essentially of concrete and arranged in succession' to form the piling, and metallic means 5 means being secured to both of its adjacent 61' piles, substantially rigidly in the line of the piling, to prevent material separation of the piles from each other in the line of the piling. j

12. Piling comprising piles composed essentially of concrete and arranged in succession to form the piling, and metallic means substantially rigidly secured to both of two adjacentpiles, in directions transverse to and in the line of the piling, to revent material displacement of the indivi any horizontal direction.

.13. Piling" comprising successive piles composed of concrete, and a metal .ic meaual piles in her extending from inside the concrete of go one pile to the-inside of the concrete of the next pile.

14. Piling comprising successive piles vcom osed of concrete one navin an embedded metallic interlocking member, and

the other an interlocking cavity to receive I the metallic member 15. Piling comprising composed of concrete held tallic interlocking-members. In testimony whereof I aifix my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. I MAXWELL M. UPSON.

successive piles together by me- Witnesses:

M. Lawson Drnn, J. B. McGmua. 

